Factors Affecting the Adoption of Internet Banking AmongstIIUMâ students: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach (SEM)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article examines the factors that determine the internet banking adoption amongst International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) and its causal effects using a theoretical model based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The research model consists of four exogenous latent constructs, namely, awareness, perceived usefulness, trust and perceived risk and endogenous latent construct namely Internet banking adoption. Data relating to constructs were collected from 200 university’s students in (IIUM) and subjected to structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed to examine the reliability, construct validity, convergent validity and goodness of fit of structural models and measurement models. The hypothesized structural model fits the data well. The results show that the significant factor that leads to the adoption of internet banking is perceived usefulness but awareness, trust and risk have negative significant towards the use of internet banking.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".