Recent progress in microjoining and nanojoining
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Micro-joining and nano-joining have been identified as the key technologies in the construct fabrication such as micro-and nano-mechanical,electronic and medical devices and systems,and their recent progresses are briefly reviewed in this article.For electronic packaging applications,the developed lead-free solders and the two-step loading procedure accompanied with a superimposed ultrasound for copper-wire-bonding were expounded.Typical joining methods including resistance micro-welding,laser micro-welding and brazing for similar and dissimilar wires or pieces used for medical devices were discussed,as well as one-step diffusion bonding with pressing at high temperature for Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductive leads.Joining technologies were also introduced,including electron beam irradiating welding,strand wrapping bonding with Double-walled Carbon Nanotube Strands(DWNT) film and brazing,the welding technologies of metal nanoparticles realized through laser irradiation,and the novel process of low-temperature sintering bonding by using Ag,Cu,Ag-Cu and Ag2O micro/nano-particle pastes for electronic packaging applications.Based on the existing and new processes,the challenges and outlooks in micro-and nano-joining were pointed out.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".