Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To identify the metabolic changes of brain in patients with vascular cognitive impairment(VCI)after cerebral infarction(CI) by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H-MRS). Methods 86 patients with CI and 21 controls were enrolled.They were tested by mini-mental state examination(MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA).The score of visuospatial and executing skills was calculated.According to the scores of cognitive ability,all subjects were divided into 4 groups: no cognitive impairment(NCI) group after CI,cognitive impairment,but not dementia(VCIND) group after CI,dementia group after CI,and control group.All groups received MRS examination.The ratios of N-acetyl aspartate/creatine(NAA/Cr),choline/creatine(Cho/Cr),and myo-inositol/creatine(mI/Cr) in the right frontal lobe,the left temporal lobe,the left thalamus and mid-line-parietal-occipital region were calculated.Moreover,the correlations between scores of MoCA as well as its sub-item(visuospatial and executing skills) and the ratios of NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr,mI/Cr were analyzed in all CI patients. Results Compared with control group(1.53±0.08,1.52±0.10),the ratio of NAA/Cr in the left temporal lobe and the left thalamus(1.46±0.07,1.47±0.07) decreased in VCIND group(P=0.001,P=0.006);compared with VCIND group(1.46±0.10,1.46±0.07,1.47±0.07),the ratio of NAA/Cr in the right frontal lobe,the left temporal lobe,and the left thalamus(1.38±0.14,1.39±0.06,1.42±0.09)decreased remarkably in the dementia group(P0.001,P0.001,P=0.003);the ratios of NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr,and mI/Cr were no statistical difference between NCI group and control group;The ratios of NAA/Cr and mI/Cr in all regions were all correlated with cognitive ability,and moreover,the ratio of NAA/Cr in the left temporal lobe and the left thalamus were significantly correlated with the score of MoCA(r=0.566,P0.001;r=0.485,P0.001) and the score of visuospatial and executing skills(r=0.591,P0.001;r=0.491,P0.001),and the ratio of Cho/Cr in the temporal lobe was correlated with the score of visuospatial and executing skills(r=-0.231,P=0.037). Conclusions Metabolic abnormalities in the left thalamic and the left temporal neurons maybe an early and crucial part in the pathogenesis of VCI,and the whole frontal-subcortical circuits may be disrupted with the development of cognitive impairment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".