The Ultrasonographic Findings Related to Pain and Functional Status in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic (US) examination in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and determine US findings associated with pain and functional status. Method: 45 patients with primary knee OA classified by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria were recruited. The severity of pain and functional status were measured by Lequesne index and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Scores (WOMAC). All patients underwent US examination of their knees and plain radiography for Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) grade. Results: Even in mild OA cases (KL G1, 2), patients had evidence of distended suprapatellar pouch (effusion) (32%), synovial thickening (12%), cartilage degeneration (32%) and medial capsular distension (72%). The severity of pain and functional status were found to be correlated with following US findings: amount of suprapatellar effusion (γ=0.514, p＜0.01), degree of synovial thickness (γ=0.520, p＜0.01), cartilage degeneration grade (γ=0.594, p＜0.01), length of medial capsular distension (γ=0.426, p＜0.01). However, the length of medial and lateral osteophytes, size of Baker's cyst, and clinical parameter such as age, disease duration and BMI score were not correlated with the severity of pain and functional status in OA patients. Following multiple regression analysis, the amount of effusion, synovial thickness and length of medial capsular distension were correlated with Lequesne and WOMAC functional status score (γ2=0.635, p＜0.05). Conclusion: Ultrasonographic assessment was useful for diagnosing knee OA. The severity of pain and function were highly associated with the amount of suprapatellar effusion, degree of synovial thickness, the length of medial capsular distension and grade of cartilage degeneration. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2008; 32: 668-681)
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".