Bibliographic record
Abstract
Subsurface Warm Water (SWW) is a phenomenon frequently observed in the most part of Canadian basins, which presents a temperature peak under sea ice at the depth of 20 m. A thermodynamically coupled sea ice-upper ocean column model was developed in this paper to examine the thermodynamics of SWW. Using this model, the SWW was numerically simulated and proved successful. The result is consistent with the observed results. The mechanism of the SWW formation was proved able to generate by both solar radiation heating and surface cooling. It is verified that the solar radiation is the dominant energy source. Meanwhile, long-wave flux, air temperature, and atmospheric humidity play important roles in determining the relative intensity of SWW. As the solar energy would be obstructed from thick ice, SWW is formed on the areas of thin ice, leads, and still open water. The sumulation result of typical sharp peak of SWW agrees well with the observational ones. The variation was about 5.0×10-3 m2/s beneath the sea ice, and dropped sharply to 1.0×10?6 m2/s in subsurface layer, indicating that the peak of SWW was caused by the stratification of halocline.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".