Effects of X-ray Radiation on Kidney Histological Structure and Serum Creatinine and Urea Nitrogen Contents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To explore the influence of X-ray radiation on the structure and function of kidney tissues,96 mice( Mus musculus) were irradiated with different dosages( 0,1,3,5 Gy) of X-ray. After 5,10,15,20 d of irradiation,kidney weight changes were examined and the difference of numerical values among groups were calculated by one-way analysis of variance. Kidney histological structure was observed using bio-microscopy.Contents of serum creatinine( Cr) and urea nitrogen( BUN) in blood were detected via instrumental analysis.The results showed that the kidney weight increased in varying degrees. With 5 Gy irradiation for 5 d,the increase in kidney weight was the highest compared to the other groups. Compared to the control group,itincreased 0. 11 g. The kidney weight increase was the least after 1 Gy( 5,10,15,20 d) irradiation. Compare to the control group it increased only 0. 02 g. Correlated with the dosage,BUN and Cr in blood also increased in varying degrees( P 0. 05 or P 0. 01). After 1 Gy irradiation for 5 d,the increase of urea nitrogen content was the highest,reaching 9. 00 mmol /L,1. 92 mmol /L higher than that of the control group. After 1 Gy irradiation for 20 d,the increase of urea nitrogen content was the lowest( 7. 09 mmol /L),and the increase was only 0. 03 mmol /L compared to the control. After 5 Gy irradiation for 10 d the increase of creatinine level was the highest among all groups,and the increase was 16. 11 μmol /L compared to the control. After 1 Gy irradiation for 20 d,the increase of creatinine level was the lowest,and the increase was only 1. 50 μmol /L compared to the control. Kidney histological structure injuries were obvious. We could observe the blooding and severe glomerular swelling. Vacuolization,apoptosis,and necrosis were found in the proximal tubule and distal convoluted tubule epithelium. The tubule structure was out of order and organizational structure could not be distinguished,the creatinine,urea nitrogen and other metabolic wastes could not be discharged in time. The results reveal that X-ray irradiation affects the tissue morphology and the function of kidney.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".