Determination of Metal Elements in Propolis by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Microwave Assisted Sample Digestion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To determine the content of metal elements in a Canadian origin propolis and to provide data for further re-search of propolis nutritional value,at the same time,to improve the measurement methods.Methods: Propolis samples were treated by microwave digestion using mixture of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide as the digestion agent for digestion.The digestion conditions were optimized.The content of calcium,iron,magnesium,zinc,sodium,potassium,copper in propolis products were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.Results: The value of relative standard deviation of 7 elements was 0.85 % ~ 2.33 %(n = 7).The values of recovery were in the range of 96.5 % ~ 104.7 %.The results showed that the propolis is rich in metal elements.Compared with the propolis produced in henan province,a variety of metals content of propolis from Canada is far lower than the propolis from henan.Conclusion: This method of determination metals in propolis is reliable,and can get accurate results.The results provided useful data for further research of the relationship of the metal elements and the health care function of propolis products
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".