Effect of Superhydrophobic Titanium Surface on Initial Salivary Pellicle Acquisition and Oral Biofilm Formation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Colonization by oral microorganisms on dental abutment surfaces can result in inflammatory reactions such as peri-implantitis creating patient discomfort that may ultimately jeopardize the long-term prognosis of the dental implant. Previous studies have shown that superhydrophobic surfaces reduced bacterial colonization and subsequent biofilm formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of superhydrophobic modified titanium (SH-Ti) surface on salivary pellicle acquisition and development of a multi-species oral biofilm. Our results showed that SH-Ti substrates significantly reduced the volume of salivary pellicle. Surprisingly, superhydrophobicity did not prevent biofilm formation. In fact, live cells were observed in higher numbers in 72-h-old biofilm on SH-Ti substrates in comparison with non-treated titanium surfaces. In contrast, dead cells were found in lower numbers on SH-Ti vs. non-treated surfaces under the same growth conditions. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that SH-Ti surfaces increased bacterial colonization preferentially in the micro-topographical crevices. In conclusion, our results indicate that modification of surface wettability may affect the biological response at the implant to bone or implant to soft tissue interface.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".