Influence of Carbon on Molybdenum Carbide Catalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The influence of carbon on molybdenum carbide catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is discussed. The carbon content is adjusted by varying the molar ratio of molybdenum and glucose sources and the holding time in the carbonization process. The carbon plays a crucial role in the determination of phase formation, surface area, and electrical resistance, which are associated with the final HER activity. There is a contradiction between the reduced active sites and improved electrical resistance that results from the reduced content of carbon, and a balance can be achieved with a holding time of 9 h to provide the best HER activity with a low Tafel slope of 55 mV dec−1 and a high exchange current density of 0.047 mA cm−2. Importantly, the transformation of the order of the free carbon improves the electrical conductivity remarkably to result in a great improvement in the final HER activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".