Numerical study on the conjugate heat transfer of a laval nozzle under different expansion states
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A conjugate heat transfer( CHT) code was developed to study the flow structure and heat transfer of a nozzle under different expansion states.Navier-Stokes equations were used to govern both fluid and solid regions,cell-center based finite volume method was adopted to solve the governing equations,and k-ω SST model was used for turbulence closure.The CHT process is realized by keeping the heat flux on the coupled surface to be consistent.The CHT code is validated by experimental data,then used to numerically investigate a nozzle under different expansion states.The simulated results show that the flow separation occurs in the nozzle under over-expanded state,and the convective heat transfer is enhanced in the separation region and the nozzle wall is cooled by the gas in the downstream region of the separation with a relatively low level.The local convective heat transfer increases with the nozzle inlet pressure.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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