Temperature Measurement for Particle Laden Stream by FTIR Emission/Transmission Spectroscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Emission and transmission spectra for clay particle laden stream and pulverized coal flame were performed by using a FTIR spectrometer and a heating/combustion reactor. The particle temperature and gas temperature can be obtained through these spectra and they have relative errors of less than 500. When soot and other particles exist in the sample, a method was given to eliminate the effect of soot radiation and approximately estimate the temperature of other particles. Namely, the particle transmittance is assumed to be equal to the measured transmittance extrapolated to 0 cm-1, where the attenuation from soot goes to zero. Study shows that CO2 temperature can be roughly evaluate by fitting a blackbody to the CO2 amplitude in the normalized radiance. It was also found in the present study that the char temperature can be 200～300 K higher than the gas temperature, and the reason is possibly that CO is ignited in the particle boundary layer and causes an abrupt rise of particle temperature. More experimental and theoretical validations are needed for this phenomenon in the future study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".