Experimental Study on Applying the Pyroelectric Effect to Low-Grade Waste-Heat Power Recovery
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The pyroelectric conversion cycle of heat to electricity is conducted adopting a single copolymer P(VDF-TrFE) (60/40) film of 40 μm thickness for low-grade waste-heat power recovery. Experimental results show that the continuous pyroelectric conversion cycle can be directly realized under the proper conditions without the loss of spontaneous polarization. The external voltage affects strongly the pyroelectric current and electrical energy output. Within the same temperature range and at the same changing rate, the pyroelectric current is enhanced with the increasing external voltages. Heightening lower voltage and the difference between upper voltage and lower voltage facilitates electrical energy output. The net output energy density of pyroelectric conversion cycle reaches 40 mJ/cm~3 under the condition of the temperature 40～70 ℃, upper voltage 900 V (electric field intensity approaches 225 kV/cm). This heat-to-electricity conversion can be expected to apply to low-grade waste-heat power recovery.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it