On the Missing and Reshaping Function of Bill of Lading under the Rotterdam Rules
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The traditional value of a bill of lading is that the transference thereof is legally deemed as the transference of the title of the goods covered thereby.In a view to realizing such purpose,the bill of lading needs to be legalized as a document of title.By importing the principle of autonomy of will,the provisions of the Rotterdam Rules delete the compulsory nature of the function of the bill of lading as a document of title.As a result,the credibility of the bill of lading has been dramatically weakened,which will throw negative impact on the traditional system of bill of lading.However,the Right of Control system under the Rotterdam Rules partly enhances the function of the bill of lading as a document of title.But due to the existence of time limit and some defenses,such system fails to completely reinstall the credibility of the bill of lading.The advantages of the above mentioned provisions of the Rotterdam Rules must be absorbed by Chinese maritime law while the disadvantages shall be carefully avoided in future legislations.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.023 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.016 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".