Relations Between COD Removal and Biofilm Thickness and Density of Downflow Anaerobic Turbulent Bed
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A reactor,called a downflow anaerobic turbulent bed,is introduced,in which the circulation is forced by biogas to ensure fluidization of floating carrier particles.When the operational range of the reactor is 6 22?kg/(m 3·d) and the hydraulic retention time 0.25～0.94?d,the COD Cr removal efficiency remains 65%～85%,and the bio film thickness is rather small(5～30?μm),while the bio film density is high (70?g/L).Experimental results show that the biofilm thickness and density increase with the decrease of COD removal.Bioactivity kept at a high level in the reactor indicates that violent turbulence and shear are beneficial for the growth of microbe and the formation of a thin,dense and active film.Meanwhile,the volatile solid detachment at a high organic loading rate (OLR) increases quasi linearly with COD removal and with the decrease of the amount of solid in the reactor.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".