251 BIOMARKERS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS: RELATIVE PREDICTIVE VALUE FOR CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction Recent research into the development and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) links oxidative stress with its pathological features; however, specifics regarding the impact of oxidative stress on CAD, compared to more traditional risk factors, remain unclear. The oxidative stress hypothesis proposes that the oxidation of lipids, in the context of vascular endothelial cell dysfunction, promotes macrophage foam cell formation and the progression of CAD lesions. Measurable genetic and biochemical variations in pro-oxidant and antioxidant enzymes have been studied for relationships with CAD; however, little is known about the relative role oxidative stress plays in the development of CAD, or its end point. Objectives This study will evaluate and compare multiple genetic and biochemical biomarkers of oxidative stress to determine their relative and additive abilities to predict all-cause and cardiovascular-related mortality in a population with cardiovascular disease. Methodology Biochemical analysis of stored plasma from an angiography cohort of 1,117 subjects, with a mean follow-up of 8.5 years, will include the following measures of oxidative stress: total antioxidant potential, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, myeloperoxidase, nitrotyrosine, and paraoxonase. DNA analysis of 894 Caucasian subjects to measure selected polymorphisms and haplotypes of the following genes: myeloperoxidase; NADPH oxidase p22 phox subunit; heme oxygenase 1; and 5-lipoxygenase activating protein. Statistical analysis of results from biochemical and genetic studies, and comparison with semi-quantitatively assessed angiography results, and mortality data from Vital Statistics Canada. Preliminary Results Two hundred twenty of the patients in this cohort have since died, including 103 cases of CAD-related death. Assays for total antioxidant potential, myeloperoxidase, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, oxLDL, and nitrotyrosine have been performed to address the stability and suitability of measuring oxidative stress biomarkers in frozen/thawed plasma samples stored for a mean duration of 8.5 years. Impact This study will provide novel insight into how biomarkers of oxidative stress correlate with CAD patient mortality. Determining the degree of association between genetic polymorphisms, intermediate phenotypes, and patient mortalities will be a valuable product of this immense study of oxidative stress.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".