Production characteristics and the optimization of development schemes of fractured gas reservoir with edge or bottom water
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper discusses the production characteristics and development scheme of gas reservoirs and gas condensate reservoirs with edge or bottom water and oil ring or bottom oil. The characteristics of this type of gas reservoir are the followings: (1) pore is the main storage space of fluid; (2) fracture is the main percolation flow channel; and (3) the distribution of pore and fracture is seriously heterogeneous. During the development process of the reservoir, its dynamic performance mainly are: edge or bottom water and oil will easily flow to producer along the high permeable fracture channel; and water influx into the gas bearing area will heavily influence gas production, for example, forming gas, water (and oil) multi phase flow, decreasing gas rate of producer, forming some water locked gas bearing areas and reducing the recovery of gas and oil. The watered out mechanism and its harm extent are discussed. Based on the principle of balanced production, this paper offers the optimal development scheme to avoid water influx, enhance gas and oil recovery and improve economic benefit. Three examples of mature gas fields are given in this paper.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".