Features and related factors of mild cognitive impairment and its impacts on the quality of life in Parkinson's disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To investigate the features and related factors of Parkinson's disease(PD)with mild cognitive impairment(PD-MCI)and its impact on the quality of life for PD patients.Methods 122 PD patients were recruited and collected for the general information.The patients were evaluated by Hoehn-Yahr stage,Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS)Ⅱ and Ⅲ,Clinical Dementia Rating(CDR),Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE),Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA),Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA),Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD),The Epworth Sleepiness Scale(ESS),Fatigue Scale(FS-14),Ability of Daily Living Questionnaire(ADL)and Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire-39(PDQL-39).Results(1)67 cases in 122 PD patients(54.92%)were with mild cognitive impairment(PD-MCI)and 47 cases(38.52%)were with no cognitive impairment(PD-NCI);(2)MoCA scores of PD-MCI and PD-NCI groups were 19.93±3.50 vs.26.74±1.48,and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.00);(3)Scoring rates of each cognitive domain in PD-MCI and PD-NCI groups were as followed:visuo-spatial and executive function:2.43±1.62 vs.4.06±0.97,naming:2.69±0.61 vs.2.98±0.15,attention and calculation:5.01±1.16 vs.5.87±0.49,language:2.19±0.88 vs.2.83±0.38,Abstraction:0.93±0.88 vs.1.74±0.57,delayed memory:1.19±1.26 vs.3.28±1.23,orientation:5.49±0.84 vs.5.89±0.48;Among which,scoring rates of attention and calculation,delayed memory,visuo-spatial and executive function in PD-MCI group were significantly higher than that in PD-NCI group(P=0.00,0.00 and 0.00,respectively);(4)The course of education in PD-MCI and PD-NCI groups were(8.51±0.53)years vs.(11.86±0.51)years,and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.00);the differences of age of onset,age,the course of disease and sex ratio were not significant;(5)Evaluations of motor function for PD-MCI and PD-NCI groups were as followed:Hoehn-Yahr stage:2.29±0.09 vs.2.00±0.10,UPDRS-Ⅲ:27.76±1.31 vs.23.62±1.56,which were all statistically significant(P=0.03 and P=0.04,respectively);(6)The incidences of non-motor symptoms for PD-MCI and PD-NCI groups were as followed:anxiety:13.43% vs.6.38%,depression:71.64% vs.76.60%,fatigue:38.81% vs.46.81%,daytime sleep disorders:29.86% vs.19.15%,which were not statistically significant;(7)Comparison of quality of life for PD-MCI and PD-NCI groups were as followed:UPDRS-Ⅱ:14.13±0.64 vs.11.72±0.65,ADL:43.87±1.56 vs.38.13±2.04,PDQL-39:135.23±3.26 vs.144.66±3.02,which were all statistically significant(P=0.01,P=0.03 and P=0.04,respectively);(8)MoCA score of PD-MCI group was negatively correlated with UPDRS-Ⅲ score(r=-0.26,P=0.01),Hoehn-Yahr stage(r=-0.20,P=0.03),UPDRS-Ⅱ score(r=-0.23,P=0.01)and ADL score(r=-0.22,P=0.02),and was positively correlated with the course of education(r=0.50,P=0.00)and PDQL-39 score(r=0.22,P=0.02),however was not correlated with age of onset,age,duration,clinical types and scores of HAMA,HAMD,FS-14 and ESS.Conclusions There is a high incidence of PD-MCI,which is mainly featured by the dramatic impairments in the cognitive domains of attention and calculation,delayed memory,visuo-spatial and executive function.PD-MCI is significantly correlated with the severity of movement dysfunction and course of education and severely compromised the quality of life for PD patients.Thus,it is very pivotal to recognize and treat PD-MCI at early stage in order to slow down the disease progression and improve the quality of life for the patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".