Impounding-Induced Deformation of Reservoir Banks, A Case History
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The banks of the Oldman Dam Reservoir in Canada are mainly composed of sub-horizontally interbedded sandstones and mudstones and have been deformed since the first impounding in 1993.In this paper,regional geology,engineering geology and impounding-induced deformations of the banks are briefly described,and then discussions are made on the deformation mechanism.Based on the anlysis of the monitored data,(1)during the first impounding stage,water has adverse effect on the bank stability due to the highly developed unloading joints in the bank,which provides a rapid channel for the water infiltration;(2)the mudstones are not expansive in this case;(3)the bank deformation is caused by the reduction of effective stress,the softening of mudstone and the corresponding stress adjustment in the bank due to the rapid water infiltration;(4)deformation stability is more important than the strength stability for slopes in the soft rock,especially for the reservoir banks in the soft rock.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".