Numerical Analysis on Oxygen Jet Characteristic for BOF Convertor Top-Blown Process Based on CFD Method
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Considering standard k~e model,a CFD model of compressible oxygen jet was developed for BOF convertor top-blown process.Jet behaviors inside and outside de Laval nozzle were simulated.Flow characteristics of oxygen jet on the condition of various operating pressures and ambient temperatures were investigated and shock waves of jet were expounded.The numerical simulation results showed that when the operating pressure is under the design pressure,the oblique shocks are formed from the nozzle corner and alternate between compression waves.When the operating pressure is beyond the design pressure,a fan of expanding wave is released from the nozzle corner and expansion and alternate between expansion and compression waves.Simultaneously,the numerical simulation also showed that the length of supersonic region of jet increases with the increased ambient temperature,but kinetic pressure of jet is not influenced.Finally,the quantitative relationship between the length of supersonic region of jet and operating pressure is obtained. Considering standard k ～ e model,a CFD model of compressible oxygen jet was developed for BOF convertor top-blown process.Jet behaviors inside and outside de Laval nozzle were simulated.Flow characteristics of oxygen jet on the condition of various operating pressures and ambient temperatures were investigated and shock waves of jet were expounded.The numerical simulation results showed that when the operating pressure is under the design pressure,the oblique shocks are formed from the nozzle corner and alternate between compression waves.When the operating pressure is beyond the design pressure,a fan of expanding wave is released from the nozzle corner and expansion and alternate between expansion and compression waves.Simultaneously,the numerical simulation also showed that the length of supersonic region of jet increases with the increased ambient temperature,but kinetic pressure of jet is not influenced.Finally,the quantitative relationship between the length of supersonic region of jet and operating pressure is obtained.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".