3-D Geologic Modeling in the Flin Flon Mining District, Trans-Hudson Orogen, Canada: Evidence for Polyphase Imbrication of the Flin Flon-777-Callinan Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Ore System
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Three-dimensional geologic modeling by integrated analysis and interpretation of drill core, 2-D and 3-D seismic, mine survey, and geologic map data provides new insights into the structural setting of the 85.5 million tonne (Mt) Flin Flon-Callinan-777 volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) ore system hosted in the Paleoproterozoic Flin Flon belt of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada. The resultant camp-scale 3-D geologic model was, in addition to the densely drill intersected VMS-hosting mine horizon, constrained by lithostratigraphic reference drill holes intersecting the footwall and hanging-wall rock successions of the ore system, which were established by relogging 52 drill holes and systematically reconciling the lithofacies classes in their log descriptions with the lithofacies units of the 1:10,000-scale Flin Flon mining district geologic map. The lateral persistence and large stratigraphic range of these drill hole markers supported seismic interpretation and allowed tracing lithostratigraphic horizons and structures in areas with low drill hole density, expanding 3-D subsurface insight from the local to the more regional structural setting of the ore system. The overall 3-D modeled geometry and topological relationships between lithostratigraphic surfaces and multiple generations of thrust faults suggest that the Flin Flon mining district is underlain by an E-dipping stack of W-vergent thrust imbricates that formed during precollisional and collisional stages of the 1.9 to 1.8 Ga Trans-Hudson orogeny. The imbricate stack was subsequently deformed by E-trending ductile thrust faults that internally imbricated the Flin Flon arc assemblage and the molasse cover rocks of the Missi Group and brought up rocks of the former over the latter in a northerly direction. The VMS-hosting Millrock Member has been stacked on at least four structural levels, enhancing the VMS potential in the footwall and hanging wall of the known ore deposits where both thrust systems intersect.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it