Dalotia coriaria as a predator of Drosophila suzukii: Functional responses, reduced fruit infestation and molecular diagnostics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii Matsumura is a recent invasive fruit pest in North and South America and Europe, causing pre-harvest damage and significant economic losses to crops. Little is known about biological control of D. suzukii ; here we report the predatory capability of Dalotia (Atheta) coriaria Kraatz, a commercially available control agent against small dipteran pests, and develop molecular tools to assess predation. Da. coriaria showed a Type II functional response to all D. suzukii instars, with maximal consumption of 26 first, 15 second, and 6 third instars per beetle per day. No pupae were consumed. When raspberries with 11–21 larvae (2nd–3rd instar) per berry were exposed to six Da. coriaria for 4.5 d, a 50% reduction in infestation occurred. A primer pair for D. suzukii was designed that produced a 112 bp amplicon from the mtDNA CO1 gene. Of 19 Drosophila species tested, DNA from one species in the invaded range of D. suzukii was amplified, but it was distinguishable from D. suzukii due to different amplicon melting temperatures. A standard curve was created, relating amount of second instar D. suzukii DNA to Cq values (amount of fluorescence) generated by qPCR . In a feeding trial, the half-life of D. suzukii DNA was 2.3 h in Da. coriaria , but the estimated median detection time was 25.9 h. D. suzukii DNA was detected in Da. coriaria exposed to infested raspberries, but DNA quantity in beetles was only weakly related to predation rates. The control potential of Da. coriaria against D. suzukii should be further assessed, and molecular tools used to identify other D. suzukii predators.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".