THE SYNTHESIS OF A MMA/MAh COPOLYMER AND PROPERTIES OF THE COPOLYMER-BASED GEL POLYMER ELECTROLYTES
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) is one of the matrix polymers commonly used in gel polymer electrolytes,and has been proposed for lithium battery applications.PMMA-based gel polymer electrolytes(GPE) show high ionic conductivity at ambient temperatures.However,low thermal stability and mechanical properties with hard forming free-standing film in gel systems at high organic solvents will limit its application.In order to overcome these problems,methyl methacrylate(MMA)-maleic anhydride(MAh)(P(MMA-co-MAh)) copolymer was prepared,in the copolymer the ring structure of MAh units can improve the thermal stability and mechanical properties,consequently,improving the thermal stability of P(MMA-coMAh)-based gel polymer electrolytes.The copolymer of P(MMA-co-MAh) was synthesized through solution copolymerization with toluene as solvent,2,2′-azobisiobutyronitrile(AIBN) as the initiator,MMA and MAh as the monomers with the molar ratios of MMA∶MAh monomer is 1∶1.The reaction was carried out at 80℃ under nitrogen atmosphere for 8 h.The structure and properties of the copolymer were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),()~1H-nuclear magnetic resonance(()~1H-NMR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),gel permeation chromatography(GPC),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).It was found that the unsaturated bonds existed in both of MMA and MAh(1637 cm~(-1)) disappeared in the copolymer,whereas a strong absorption peak at 950 cm~(-1) for (O)(C)(O)(C)(O) ring stretching vibration of a saturated cyclic five-membered anhydride and a peak at 1445 cm~(-1) for —CO—O—CH_3 stretching vibration of MMA were observed in the FTIR spectrum,respectively.The()~1H-NMR spectrum of P(MMA-co-MAh) copolymer showed four peaks,and the peaks at δ=2.65～3.20 and 3.5～3.8 represent the chemical shift of H for MAh groups and —COOCH_3 groups,respectively,indicating the molecular structure of copolymer P(MMA-co-MAh).The molar ratios of MMA and MAh in the P(MMA-co-MAh) copolymer is 8∶1.XRD showed that the P(MMA-co-MAh) was a typical amorphous polymer,which is beneficial in improvement of ionic conductivity of its GPE.GPC resalts show that the number average molecular weight(M_n) of the copolymer is 6.40×10~4 and the mass average molecular weight(M_w) is 6.68×10~4;the molecular weight distribution(M_w/M_n) is 1.04.The TGA curves show that the thermal degradation temperature of P(MMA-co-MAh) is 300℃,which is higher than that of the pure PMMA polymer.The DSC results of the P(MMA-co-MAh) copolymer reveal that the glass transition temperature(T_g) is 121.3℃,which is higher than that of the pure PMMA.The gel polymer electrolyte was prepared from the P(MMAco-MAh) copolymer,propylene carbonate(PC) and lithium perchlorate.It is found that the GPE can form free-standing films.The ionic conductivity is 3.0×10~(-5) S/cm at room temperature for 45 wt% P(MMA-co-MAh) gel copolymer enlectrolyte with 55 wt% 1 mol/L LiClO_4-PC solution.The ionc conductivity for GPE of P(MMA-co-MAh) copolymer is lower than that of the gel polymer electrolytes of pure PMMA containing 50 wt% PMMA with 50 wt% 1 mol/L LiClO_4-PC solution.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it