Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hague is about the rules of bill of lading but actually governs the contract of carriage which must use the Bill of Lading. The B/L under these rules means the written contract of carriage with part or special states required. The written form is necessary for the contract of carriage. Hague does not distinguish the contract of carriage from the B/L as shipping document. This article comments the consistence of both above from the view of transportation,and puts forward its opinions from the view of trade on the issues such as the allowance of pledge for the B/L as trading document,the mixing of B/L and sea waybill in UCP,serving the trade but as a burden for the carrier by the B/L,two modes of transferring of B/L,the necessity that the seller directly procures the B/L under FOB. In addition,these questions are mentioned:why is not the holder of B/L entitled to claim on the transferor and why are the Rights to the carrier in accordance with contract of carriage which is not entered into with the holder of B/L? Finally,this article discusses the differences between B/L as trading document and contract of carriage.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.033 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.024 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".