Bibliographic record
Abstract
Placebo controlled trials have demonstrated that a tapering course of corticosteroids is an effective therapy for active Crohn's disease. A population-based study of 109 patients with Crohn's disease undergoing their first course of corticosteroids showed that, at the end of one year, 44% of patients were steroid responsive, 36% were steroid dependent and 20% were steroid refractory. Side effects occur frequently during a four-month tapering course of corticosteroids, including moon face, acne, infection, ecchymoses, hypertension, hirsutism, petechial bleeding and striae. More serious side effects occur with long term use, including hypertension, diabetes, infection, osteonecrosis, osteoporosis, myopathy, cataracts, glaucoma and psychosis. Low dose corticosteroids, alternate-day corticosteroids and mesalamine (5-aminosalicylate) are not effective steroid-sparing agents in patients with Crohn's disease. Controlled ileal release budesonide, 6 mg/day, is an effective steroid-sparing agent, but it does result in some decrease in adrenal function. Azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate are all effective steroid-sparing agents, as is the humanized, anti-tumour necrosis factor monoclonal antibody, CDP571. A preliminary, uncontrolled study has suggested that the mouse/human chimeric monoclonal antibody infliximab may also be steroid sparing. Surgical resection is an effective strategy to reduce steroid use in the short to intermediate term, but postoperative reoccurrence of Crohn's disease occurs frequently. Given the morbidity associated with prolonged corticosteroid use, medical and surgical treatment strategies to reduce steroid use should be employed routinely.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".