Investigation on the features of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson' s disease patients with cognitive impairment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To investigate the features of non-motor symptoms( NMS) in Parkinson's disease( PD) patients with cognitive impairment by using a variety of PD scales. Methods 212 PD patients who visited Department of Neurology,Beijing Tiantan Hospital from April 2010 to April 2012 were recruited and divided into three groups: PD without cognitive impairment( PD-NCI),PD with mild cognitive impairment( PD-MCI) and PD with dementia( PDD); The numbers and incidences of NMS were investigated by Non-motor Symptom Questionnaire( NMSQ); NMS were evaluated by Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-Ⅰ( UPDRS-Ⅰ),Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale( HAMA),Hamilton Depression Rating Scale( HAMD),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index( PSQI),The Epworth Sleepiness Scale( ESS),The Scale For Outcomes in PD For Autonomic Symptoms( SCOPA-AUT),Restless Leg Syndrome Rating Scale( RLSRS) and Fatigue Scale( FS-14); Correlation between MoCA score and related NMS scale scores in PD-CI patients were analyzed. Results( 1) The total numbers of NMS in PD-NCI,PD-MCI and PDD groups were gradually increased( 5. 79 ± 3. 57,9. 24 ± 5. 62 and 13. 58 ± 4. 79,P 0. 05); the numbers of NMS that occurred before motor symptoms( MS) in the three groups were not significantly different( P 0. 05); the numbers of NMS that occurred after MS in the three groups were significantly and gradually increased( P 0. 05);( 2) The NMS with incidence significantly and gradually increased in PD-NCI,PD-MCI and PDD groups was hallucination( 7. 31%, 15. 18% and 38. 89%,P 0. 05); The NMS which incidence in PD-MCI and PDD groups were significantly higher than that in PD-NCI group( P 0. 05),but not different between PD-MCI and PDD groups( P 0. 05) included day time somnolence( 15. 85%,35. 71% and 27. 78%),difficult to fall asleep( 36. 59%,59. 82% and 66. 67%), restless leg syndrome( 15. 85%,46. 43% and 50. 00%) and postural dizziness( 18. 23%,33. 04% and 44. 44%); the NMS with incidence significantly elevated in PPD group was anxiety( 9. 76%,13. 39% and 27. 78%)( P 0. 05); the NMS with incidence significantly decreased included non-emptying sense after defecation( 32. 93%, 28. 57% and 11. 11%) and urgent urination( 47. 56%,46. 43% and 27. 78%)( P 0. 05);( 3) The NMS with scores significantly and gradually increased in PD-NCI,PD-MCI and PDD groups included overall mental and emotional situation( UPDRS-I: 2. 54 ± 0. 92,3. 55 ± 0. 78 and 5. 61 ± 1. 42 points),sleep quality( PSQI: 10. 21 ± 4. 32,16. 34 ± 5. 24 and 20. 02 ± 7. 19 points) and autonomic symptoms( SCOPA-AUT: 32. 73 ± 6. 44,45. 24 ± 7. 33 and 54. 32 ± 7. 58 points)( P 0. 05); the NMS which scores in PD-MCI and PDD groups were significantly higher than that in PD-NCI group( P 0. 05),but not different between PD-MCI and PDD groups( P 0. 05) was day time somnolence( ESS: 3. 20 ± 1. 76,6. 01 ± 3. 95 and 8. 01 ± 3. 32 points); the NMS which scores was related to PDD included anxiety( HAMA: 10. 98 ± 4. 92,12. 04 ± 5. 32 and 15. 17 ± 6. 72 points),restless leg syndrome( RLSRS: 11. 61 ± 4. 73,14. 67 ± 6. 24 and 23. 20 ± 10. 47 points) and depression( HAMD: 11. 78 ± 4. 35,13. 08 ± 5. 21 and 15. 00 ± 5. 94 points)( P 0. 05);( 4) There were significantly negative correlations between MoCA score and scores of UPDRS-I,PSQI,SCOPA-AUT and ESS in PD-CI patients( P 0. 05). Conclusion The numbers and incidences of NMS in PD-CI patients are higher; overall mental and emotional situation,sleep disorder( total sleep quality and day time somnolence),autonomic symptoms,restless leg syndrome,anxiety and depression are prominent; severe PD- CI patients have severe overall mental and emotional situation,severe sleep disorder and autonomic dysfunction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".