Soil-applied Insecticidal Control of<i>Scirtothrips dorsalis</i>(Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Pepper, 2011
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of several conventional and novel soil-applied insecticides against a new invasive thrips pest, chilli thrips (CT), Scirtothrips dorsalis (Hood), in pepper under greenhouse condition. The trial was conducted at Tropical Research and Education Center in Homestead, FL, to find an alternative to standard effective chemistries used in thrips control. The peppers were grown in Fafard 2 Mix (Canadian Formula; Conrad Fafard, Inc., Agawam, MA 01001-2907) from seed in seedling trays and transplanted in 1 gal plastic pot when seedlings were 7-wk old (approximately). Plants were watered as needed (∼3 times a week) and fertilized once each week with 20 N: 20P: 20K granular fertilizer. The greenhouse was maintained at 26 ± 3°C and 75–80% RH. The trial was setup as RCB design with five replicates where treated pots were placed at 1.5 by 1.5 ft spacing. Once precount of thrips life stages were done, treatments were applied by pouring ∼100 ml of the solution evenly over the surface of each pot using a small glass container. Treatments were evaluated by carefully checking five top leaves of each pepper plant by direct count sampling method using 30x hand-held lens. Data were subjected to square root transformation prior to conducting the ANOVA and mean separation procedure. The data presented are the untransformed means. Means separations were performed using the Tukey HSD test at P < 0.05. Overall Admire, Durivo, Platinum, and Sivanto were the most effective in controlling CT population (larvae and adults) during the course of study. All the insecticides except Belay, Hachi Hachi, and Radiant provided significant reductions in the CT larval population (compared to control) on all the sampling days until 10 DAT. Admire, Assail, Durivo, and Platinum showed consistent result in regulating CT larvae and provided >75% reduction until 10 DAT ( Table 1 ). Novel chemistries such as Sivanto (58–100%), Cyazypyr (81–99%), and Coragen (29–97%) also provided effective suppression of CT larvae during the study. Belay, Radiant, and Hachi Hachi were found to be the least effective against CT larvae, and no significant reduction in larval population was observed after DAT 5 compared with untreated control. While evaluating different treatments for CT adults, Admire provided significant suppression in adults count compared to untreated control on all the sampling dates, whereas Durivo, Platinum, and Sivanto were effective until DAT 10 ( Table 2 ). None of the insecticide treatments caused any phytotoxic effects on pepper. Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different ( P > 0.05, Tukey HSD test). Henderson-Tilton's corrected percent mortality is presented in parentheses after each mean. Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different ( P > 0.05, Tukey HSD test). Henderson-Tilton's corrected percent mortality is presented in parentheses after each mean. Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different ( P > 0.05, Tukey HSD test). Henderson-Tilton's corrected percent mortality is presented in parentheses after each mean. Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different ( P > 0.05, Tukey HSD test). Henderson-Tilton's corrected percent mortality is presented in parentheses after each mean.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".