Measuring Gas Temperature in Highly Particle Laden Flow Using Terahertz Spectroscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We developed two methods to use terahertz (THz) spectroscopy to perform gas temperature measurement: using the area ratio of two H2O vapor absorbance peaks, and using the relative time delay of the THz signal, both of which change as a function of temperature. Both methods can be used in situations with high particle loading that would block traditional laser signals and degrade thermocouple performance, as THz signals do not attenuate due to particle scattering. The absorbance peak ratios were tested in the frequency range of 0.5-0.8 THz at temperatures of 523-773 K. The relationship between the gas temperature and line strength ratio of the peaks match those calculated using the HITRAN database, but has high uncertainty due to THz source instability. The time delay was tested at a frequency of 0.5 THz and temperatures of 293-773 K, and is used to determine temperature by calculating the index of refraction of the gas. It is a more accurate method, but requires knowledge of the gas composition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".