The Independent and Interactive Associations of Screen Time and Physical Activity on Mental Health, School Connectedness and Academic Achievement among a Population-Based Sample of Youth.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Few studies have addressed the links between sedentary behaviour (SED) and mental health in youth. Most studies on physical activity (PA) and SED examine their independent effects on mental health, or fail to account for PA in this relationship. The purpose of this study is to examine the independent effects of PA and screen time on mental health, school connectedness and academic achievement, and potential interactions between PA and screen time in such associations. METHODS: Data was obtained through 2,660 adolescents who completed the self-administered Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey (OSDUHS) in 2009. Self-reported variables of demographics, PA, screen time, and mental health indicators were also collected. RESULTS: Using logistic regression, screen time was inversely associated with all mental health indicators (p<.05). Although meeting PA guidelines was associated with lower school disconnectedness in males, the effects of high screen time were greater than the independent associations of PA among mental health indicators. An interaction between screen time and PA with low self-esteem was found only in males. Higher screen time was associated with lower self-esteem in males, independent of PA (p<.001). CONCLUSION: High screen time was associated with poorer mental health and academic outcomes. Being physically active did not result in higher self-esteem in the presence of high screen time among males. These results confirm the value in distinguishing the independent and interactive effects of PA and SED on mental health. Future research should promote PA and reduce screen time to improve mental health outcomes among youth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".