Traditional beliefs and knowledge base about epilepsy among university students in Ghana.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Epilepsy is a brain disorder characterized by abnormal neuronal electrical signal activity, which results in an array of clinical symptoms. These clinical symptoms may include unusual sensations, movements, emotions, and behavior changes. Sometimes full convulsions or partial muscle spasms may occur, as may loss of consciousness, depending on the nature and type of seizure activity. In Africa, persons with epilepsy are shunned and discriminated against in education, employment and marriage because epilepsy is often perceived as a shameful disease in the eyes of the general public. Epilepsy is also traditionally looked on as a curse by the ancestral spirits or attributed to possession by evil spirits. It is also thought to be due to witchcraft and "poisoning," and often thought to be highly contagious. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of our study was to investigate the current psychosocial beliefs and knowledge about epilepsy among university students in Ghana. METHODS: The Antonak and Rankin's (1982) Scale of Attitudes Toward Persons with Epilepsy (ATPE-Form S) was administered to a voluntarily participating sample of 173 healthy Ghanaian university students without a history of seizure disorder or epilepsy. RESULTS: Pearson product-moment correlation analyses revealed a moderate relationship between the participants' knowledge about, and attitudes toward, persons with epilepsy. Results indicated a restricted knowledge about epilepsy as well as what appears to be a growing trend toward relatively favorable attitudes toward individuals with the disorder. CONCLUSIONS: A trend toward more favorable attitudes was demonstrated in this study. Findings are therefore consistent with the view that attitudes about epilepsy among Ghanaian university students are changing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".