South Atlantic intermediate water advances into the North‐east Atlantic with reduced Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during the last glacial period
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Nd isotopic composition (εNd) of seawater and cold‐water coral (CWC) samples from the Gulf of Cádiz and the Alboran Sea, at a depth of 280–827 m were investigated in order to constrain middepth water mass dynamics within the Gulf of Cádiz over the past 40 ka. εNd of glacial and Holocene CWC from the Alboran Sea and the northern Gulf of Cádiz reveals relatively constant values (−8.6 to −9.0 and −9.5 to −10.4, respectively). Such values are similar to those of the surrounding present‐day middepth waters from the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW; εNd ∼ −9.4) and Mediterranean Sea Water (MSW; εNd ∼ −9.9). In contrast, glacial εNd values for CWC collected at thermocline depth (550–827 m) in the southern Gulf of Cádiz display a higher average value (−8.9 ± 0.4) compared to the present‐day value (−11.7 ± 0.3). This implies a higher relative contribution of water masses of Mediterranean (MSW) or South Atlantic origin (East Antarctic Intermediate Water, EAAIW). Our study has produced the first evidence of significant radiogenic εNd values (∼ −8) at 19, 23–24, and 27 ka, which are coeval with increasing iceberg discharges and a weakening of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Since MOW εNd values remained stable during the last glacial period, it is suggested that these radiogenic εNd values most likely reflect an enhanced northward propagation of glacial EAAIW into the eastern Atlantic Basin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".