Using Balance Function to Screen for Vestibular Impairment in Children With Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Cochlear Implants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: 1) To determine if bilateral vestibular dysfunction can be predicted by performance on standardized balance tasks in children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and cochlear implants (CI). 2) To provide clinical recommendations for screening for vestibular impairment in children with SNHL. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary care pediatric implant center. PATIENTS: Pediatric patients (4.8-18.6 years) with profound SNHL using CIs. INTERVENTIONS: Vestibular end-organ (horizontal canal and otoliths), and balance assessment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of balance skills, measured by the Bruininks Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency II (BOT-2), was performed between two groups of children with SNHL and CI: 1) total bilateral vestibular loss (TBVL) (n = 45), and 2) normal bilateral vestibular function (n = 20). Sensitivity, specificity, and suitability of each task as a screening tool for the detection of TBVL were assessed. RESULTS: Balance as measured by the BOT-2 balance subtest was significantly poorer in children with TBVL then those with normal vestibular function (p < 0.0001). "Eyes closed" tasks best identified children with TBVL having the highest sensitivity and specificity. One-foot standing eyes closed was found to have the best performance as a screening tool for TBVL using a timed cutoff of 4 seconds. CONCLUSION: A brief in-office screen of balance function using one of the BOT-2 balance subtest tasks, one-foot standing eyes closed, is able to identify children at risk of TBVL with excellent sensitivity and specificity and should be used to screen for TBVL in all children presenting with SNHL.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".