Using an autoencoder with deformable templates to discover features for automated speech recognition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper we show how we can discover non-linear features of frames of spectrograms using a novel autoencoder. The autoencoder uses a neural network encoder that predicts how a set of prototypes called templates need to be transformed to reconstruct the data, and a decoder that is a function that performs this operation of transforming prototypes and reconstructing the input. We demonstrate this method on spectrograms from the TIMIT database. The features are used in a Deep Neural Network Hidden Markov Model (DNN-HMM) hybrid system for automatic speech recognition. On the TIMIT monophone recognition task we were able to achieve gains of 0.5% over Mel log spectra, by augmenting traditional the spectra with the predicted transformation parameters. Further, using the recently discovered ‘dropout’ training, we were able to achieve a phone error rate (PER) of 17.9% on the dev set and 19.5% on the test set, which, to our knowledge is the best reported number on this task using a hybrid system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".