Experimental Study of Cavity Outflow and Geysering in Circular Pipes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dynamics of air-water flows plays an important role in hydraulic engineering. Air can influence water flows in a variety of ways, such as the formation of air cavity, air entrapment and geysering in circular pipes. Cavity outflows with shock waves are not well investigated according to the existing literature. Experimental studies of geysering in transient flows are also scarce. A large physical model was established to study the cavity outflow and geysering in circular pipes. Critical non-dimensional flow rates were developed for cavity outflows according to distinct air-water interface patterns and characteristics of shock waves were determined. The effect of a vent pipe is also studied on its influence on the pressure distribution. Geyser phenomena were investigated using a 2% slope pipe connected by a horizontal one. Pressure data and recorded videos show that the pressure drop corresponds to air release in all geysering scenarios.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".