Low-Power Manhattan Distance Calculation Circuit for Self-Organizing Neural Networks Implemented in the CMOS Technology
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper presents an analog, current-mode circuit that cal- culates a distance between the neuron weights vectors W and the input learning patterns X. The circuit can be used as a component of dierent self-organizing neural networks (NN) implemented in the CMOS technol- ogy. In Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) as well as in NNs using the Neural Gas or the Winner Takes All (WTA) learning algorithms, to calculate the distance between X and W , the same circuit can be used that makes it a universal structure. Detailed system level simulations of the WTA NN and the Kohonen SOM showed that using both the Euclidean (L2) and the Manhattan (L1) distance measures leads to similar learning results. For this reason, the L1 measure has been implemented, as in this case the circuit is much simpler than the one using the L2 distance, resulting in very low chip area and low power dissipation. This enables including even large NNs in miniaturized portable devices, such as sensors in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) or Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN).
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it