Reruptures, Reinjuries, and Revisions at a Minimum 2-Year Follow-up
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the predictive factors for traumatic rerupture, reinjury, and atraumatic graft failure of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction at a minimum 2-year follow-up. DESIGN: Double-blind randomized clinical trial (RCT) with intraoperative computer-generated allocation. SETTING: University-based orthopedic referral practice. PATIENTS: Three hundred thirty patients with isolated ACL deficiency were equally randomized to (1) patellar tendon (PT; mean, 29.2 years), (2) quadruple-stranded hamstring tendon (HT; mean, 29.0 years), and (3) double bundle using HT (DB; mean, 28.8 years). Three hundred twenty-two patients completed 2-year follow-up. INTERVENTIONS: Anatomically positioned primary ACL reconstruction with PT, HT, and DB autografts. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Proportions of complete traumatic reruptures, traumatic reinjuries (complete reruptures and partial tears), atraumatic graft failures, and contralateral ACL tears. Logistic regression assessed 5 a priori determined independent predictors: chronicity, graft type, age, sex, and Tegner level. RESULTS: More complete traumatic reruptures occurred in the HT and DB groups: PT = 3; HT = 7; DB = 7 (P = 0.37). Traumatic reinjuries statistically favored PT reconstructions: (PT = 3; HT = 12; DB = 11; P = 0.05). Atraumatic graft failures were not different: PT = 16; HT = 17; DB = 20 (P = 0.75). Younger age was a significant predictor of complete traumatic reruptures and traumatic reinjuries (P < 0.01). Higher activity level, males, and patients with HT, DB, and acute reconstructions had greater odds of reinjury. None of these factors reached statistical significance. Contralateral ACL tears were not different between groups, but trends suggested that younger females were more likely to have a contralateral ACL tear. CONCLUSIONS: More traumatic reinjuries occurred with HT and DB grafts. Younger age was a predictor of complete traumatic rerupture and traumatic reinjury, irrespective of graft type. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 1 (Therapeutic Studies). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This article describes the complete traumatic graft rerupture, partial traumatic ACL tear, atraumatic graft failure, and contralateral ACL tear rates observed at 2 years postoperatively in a large double-blind RCT comparing PT, single-bundle hamstring, and double-bundle hamstring ACL reconstructions. The odds and predictive factors of traumatic rerupture and reinjury are also evaluated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".