“This Confused, Divided and Wretched City”: The Struggle for London in 1642-43
Bibliographic record
Abstract
From an early stage in the conflict between king and parliament during the 1640s the City of London and its environs were significantly less committed to the parliamentary cause than most accounts of that conflict suggest. The battle of Edgehill (October 1642) shattered the expectation that the civil war would be quick and clean with minimal casualties. From December 1642 onwards the peace movement in the metropolis swelled steadily in numbers and influence. Adherents of the war party worked to minimize the demoralizing impact of the peace movement in 1642-43 by launching a campaign for a general rising — a mass mobilization and arming of the people of London to defeat the royalist forces. The campaign was a complete failure, leading the war party to resort to the conscription of men and money, as well as a military alliance with Scotland. It was these latter measures that finally neutralized the growing peace sentiment in the capital, and led to parliament’s victory over the king.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.015 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".