The Pain Disability Questionnaire (PDQ): evaluation of its utility for presurgical and 1-year postsurgical physical and psychosocial outcomes for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The Pain Disability Questionnaire (PDQ) assesses perception of disability in relation to pain. Past research confirmed the utility of the PDQ to assess treatment outcomes for patients with chronic disabling occupational musculoskeletal disorders. This study evaluates the utility of the PDQ in a sample of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: One hundred and thirty patients with TKA completed the PDQ, along with physical and psychosocial measures before surgery and at 12-months postsurgically. Patients were classified into three groups based on their total baseline PDQ scores: mild/moderate (0-70), severe (71-100), and extreme (101-150). Analyses determined if the PDQ groups were significantly associated with baseline and 12-month postsurgical physical and psychosocial outcomes. Results: Patients with severe and/or extreme levels of perceived pain disability were more likely to be younger (P=0.010), Hispanic (P=0.013), and to have no college education (P=0.005). Patients in the extreme group were more likely to have major depressive disorder (P<001), anxiety disorder (P=0.007) and/or somatization disorder (P=0.038). Patients in the severe/extreme groups had higher levels of pain, stiffness, and poor function (all P<0.001) before surgery and greater pain and poorer function 12-months after surgery (all P<0.001). Patients in the extreme group had worse physical and mental quality of life scores at baseline and 12-months after surgery (all P<0.003). Baseline PDQ was significantly associated with both the 12-month postsurgical Western Ontario and McMasters Universities Arthritis index (WOMAC) (P<0.001) and the 12-month postsurgical Short Form-36 (SF-36) mental composite (P<0.001). Conclusions: The PDQ is a useful presurgical measure for assessing both baseline and postsurgical physical and psychosocial outcomes for patients undergoing TKA. Level of Evidence: Level II, Prospective Cohort Study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".