Abstract 651: Phenotype Shifts in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Induced by a Low-Carbohydrate High-Protein Diet
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The growing rate of obesity is of concern as the condition is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Diets that reduce or eliminate carbohydrates, while increasing fat and/or protein intake (Atkin’s Diet) are growing in popularity for rapid weight loss. Despite their effectiveness, recent studies have implicated these low-carbohydrate high-protein (LCHP) diets with an increased incidence of CVD and greater fatty deposits in the aortic wall than a traditional western diet (WD). We assessed the hypothesis that LCHP diets result in greater vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dedifferentiation and a more pro-atherosclerotic environment when compared to a control diet (CON) or WD. Experiments were performed on aorta and plasma obtained from male Apolipoprotein E-knockout mice that were fed either regular chow (CON), WD or LCHP diet for 6 weeks. Immunoblotting was used to determine VSMC dedifferentiation as a marker of disease stage in isolated vessels using proteins calponin, alpha-actin, and TRPC1. Plasma lipid concentrations were obtained by liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Calponin was significantly downregulated in the LCHP diet versus both the WD and CON, with no difference detected between WD and CON. There was a trend towards a decreased level of alpha-actin and a higher TRPC1 level in the LCHP diet compared with CON (no differences between CON and WD). LC-MS data revealed significantly higher plasma levels of certain triglycerides in LCHP than WD. This data indicates that the LCHP diet results in a more synthetic phenotype of SMC as indicated by the diminished contractile protein expression (calponin and alpha-actin) and increased TRPC1, when compared to CON and WD. Additionally, the LCHP diet results in an abnormal lipid profile when compared to the WD; a traditional high-risk diet. Taken together, this data suggests that the LCHP diet results in an increased pro-atherosclerotic environment, even when equated to the WD in terms of cholesterol intake. This novel information may require attention from both clinicians and dieters when evaluating diet choices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Observational | low |
| gpt | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Bench or experimental | low |
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
The models disagree on parts of this classification; every voice is preserved in the section at the end of the page.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".