Magnetic resonance imaging/fluorescence dual modality protocol using designed phosphonate ligands coupled to superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A simple and versatile methodology to tailor the surface of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), and render additional fluorescence capability to these contrast agents, is reported. The dual modality imaging protocol was developed by designing multi-functional scaffolds with a combination of orthogonal moieties for aqueous dispersion and stealth, to covalently link them to SPIONs, and carry out post-functionalization of nanoparticles. SPIONs stabilized with ligands incorporating surface-anchoring phosphonate groups, ethylene glycol backbone for aqueous dispersion, and free surface exposed OH moieties were coupled to near-infrared dye Cy5.5A. Our results demonstrate that design of multi-tasking ligands with desired combination and spatial distribution of functions provides an ideal platform to construct highly efficient dual imaging probes with balanced magnetic, optical and cell viability properties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".