Multitouch Radial Menu Integrating Command Selection and Control of Arguments with up to 4 Degrees of Freedom
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We design and evaluate a multitouch radial menu for large screens with two desirable properties. First, it allows a single gesture to select a command and then continuously control arguments for that command with unbroken kinesthetic tension. Second, arguments are controlled with 1 or 2 fingers for up to 4 degrees of freedom (DoF). For example, the user may select one command for 4 DoF direct manipulation (translation + scaling + rotation), or another command for 3 DoF camera operations (pan + zoom), using the same two-finger pinch gesture, but with different initial orientations of the gesture to disambiguate. We present a taxonomy to classify previous menuing techniques sharing the first property, and discuss how very few techniques have both of these properties. Our work also extends previous work by Banovic et al. in the following ways: our menu supports submenus and a fast default command, and we experimentally evaluate the effect of varying the number of rings in the menu, the symmetry of the menu, and the use of one hand vs. two hands vs. a stylus and hand.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".