CO2 Emission, Energy Consumption and Economic Development in Malaysia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Environmental awareness and its relation to the development of economy have garnered increased attention in recent years. This study analyzes the long-run relationship between environment degradation, economic growth, total energy consumption and industrial production index growth in Malaysia from year 1970 to 2012. The time series data are estimated using Johansen and Julies Cointegration test and VECM Granger causality test. The empirical analysis suggests a long-run cointegration relationship between all series. Granger causality analysis indicates strong evidence of uni-directional Granger causality running from economic growth and industrial production index growth to total energy consumption in the long-run. Also, the result shows evidence of a bi-directional Granger causality between total energy consumption and CO2 emission. This situation suggests that a pollution abatement policies and higher investment to control for CO2 emission will not jeopardize the economic sustainability and industry output in the long run. This study suggests that previous policies should be complimented with increasing the efficiency of energy use by employing a fuel balancing strategies and promoting the use of renewable energy resources like bio-fuel, solar energy and wind.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".