The Impact of Nocturnal Hypoxemia and Daytime Sleepiness on Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have some deficits in attention and frontal functions. The pathophysiology of the cognitive dysfunction is still controversial. We investigated the cognitive performances of OSAS patients, and the relationship of cognitive functioning and nocturnal respiratory findings and daytime sleepiness. Methods: Neuropsychological testing, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) were administered to 35 patients with OSAS and to 31 normal controls. Results: Compared to the controls, OSAS patients had significant impairment on the Korean mini mental state examination (K-MMSE), semantic and phonemic fluency, the time a nd number of correct on the Korean Stroop color word test, the Digit cancellation test and delayed response on the Seoul verbal learning test (SVLT). ESS was significantly correlated with K-MMSE, trail making A, the time and number of correct on the Korean Stroop color word test, delayed recall of SVLT and Rey figure test and numbe r of fulfilled categories on the Wisconsin card sorting test in OSAS patients. The Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) w as significantly correlated with the copy of the Rey figure test. Arousal index, total time slept with oxygen satura tion below 90% and the lowest oxygen saturation were not correlated with any neuropsychological parameters. Conclusions: Patients with OSAS have cognitive impairment concerning attention, executive function and retrieval of memory. The cognitive impairment may be attributed not to no cturnal hypoxemia, but to subjective daytime sleepiness. J Korean Neurol Assoc 25(4):482-487, 2007
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".