<i>In Situ</i> Formation of Continuous Charge Transfer Pathways for Highly Efficient, Solvent-Free, Polymer Electrolyte-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
For the fabrication of highly efficient all-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells, a full coverage of electrolyte on dye/TiO 2 surface and a continuous electrolyte route from dye/TiO 2 surface to counter electrode are the most important issues, which depend heavily on the infiltration and precipitation behavior of solid electrolyte into porous photoanode. In this paper, an important experimental strategy, fast evaporation of the solvent at 80 °C under a low pressure, was explored for the first time to create in situ continuous charge transfer pathways after the infiltration of polymer electrolyte solution into a dual-porous TiO 2 film created by vacuum cold spraying. It was found that with the novel strategy very good electrolyte coverage could be realized on the dye/TiO 2 surface, and continuous electrolyte fibers could be developed in the sub-micro-pores of the dual-porous TiO 2 film, which could serve as a highway for fast electron transport between counter electrode and photoanode. As a result, a very high photo-to-electric energy conversion efficiency was demonstrated by the solvent-free polymer electrolyte solar cell.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".