Immunofluorescence Detection of Radiation-Induced DNA Base Damage
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We previously described a sensitive assay for measuring thymine glycol in the DNA of irradiated cells. The assay combines immunorecognition of the DNA lesion with capillary electrophoresis and laser-fluorescence detection to achieve an absolute detection level in the zeptomole (10(-21) mol) range. This article describes modifications to the protocol that overcome certain technical problems seen with the original methodology. In particular, the capillary electrophoresis is carried out at pH 8.3 rather than pH 10.5. The new protocol was used to examine removal of thymine glycol from the DNA of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells and resting lymphocytes after exposure to 2 Gy gamma rays. Both cell types displayed similar repair kinetics. Removal of thymine glycol is almost complete at 4 hours postirradiation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".