Primary Biliary Cirrhosis in Genetically Identical Twins
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This earlier report of genetically identical twins from Canada documented their life-long clinical course including a transient episode of childhood jaundice (both, age 10 years), possibly due to an infectious agent or shared environmental factor, followed by a long asymptomatic phase (for both, almost 40 years) in largely different geographic locales. Eventually, both became symptomatic with their liver disease, presenting independently only months apart to university teaching hospitals in different provinces (both, age 51 years). Subsequently, both died with progressive liver failure in the same year (both, age 56 years) after liver transplantations were declined for religious reasons. Although their suggestion that an international study employing inheritance by descent methodology might be useful for further definition of the genetic basis of PBC, this also may represent a unique opportunity to define the life-long clinical courses of their genetically well-documented twin pairs with PBC. This may permit comparison of possible differences in the natural clinical histories of either monozygotic or dizygotic twins with this intriguing chronic liver disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".