Craniotomy Revisited: Techniques for Improved Access and Reconstruction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe simple modifications of the technique of opening and closure of the craniotomy to improve basal exposure and reconstruction. METHODS: The modifications involve: a) additional soft-tissue dissection which is carried downward to the base of the ear and to the orbital rim, exposing the orbital rim and malar eminence without removing the bone; b) cutting the bone flap so that 'bridges' of bone remain that help to stabilize the flap when it is returned to the cranium at the end of the operation; c) the wedging of bone chips between the bone flap and native cranium at the time the bone is being reaffixed so as to provide firm stability by diminishing movement of the bone flap; d) the use of bone dust and bone chips mixed with the patient's blood to seal and bridge the gap between the bone flap and the native bone; e) reattachment of the temporalis muscle with the bone flap sutures. An 'inlay' technique of duraplasty is also described. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: These simple modifications of craniotomy provide better basal exposure and reconstruction with little additional operating time at no additional cost.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".