Is hyaluronate sodium effective in the management of knee osteoarthritis? A placebo-controlled double-blind study.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intra-articular hyaluronic acid (HA) injection on pain and function in knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: Fourty-eight patients with knee OA were included in this study. The patients were randomized into two groups: one group received HA injections (average molecular weight [MW] 1.5 million Da), and the other group received placebo containing 0.9% saline. Three injections of HA or placebo were given at weeks 1, 2 and 3. The evaluation instruments were: Visual Analog Scale (VAS); Likert Scale; Lequesne 0.05), except for WOMAC pain subscore on walking at final assessment (week 14) which showed greater improvement in the HA-treated group (35.2% versus 9.1%; P=0.01). CONCLUSION: HA treatment was effective in the management of knee OA and improved knee pain and functional outcome, but there was no statistically significant difference in functional and symptom improvement with respect to saline (placebo) injection.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".