Photocatalytic Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Offshore Produced Water: Effects of Water Matrix
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To demonstrate the feasibility of photocatalysis for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from offshore-produced water (OPW), the effects of water matrix were studied by comparing the performance of TiO2-induced photocatalysis in distilled water and OPW media. The effects of salinity, insoluble particulate matter, and organic composition were evaluated. The results showed the strong improvements with the addition of catalysts but the enhancement of photocatalysis was restricted by OPW media. The photocatalytic degradation of PAHs with high molecular weights was more sensitive to the variations of salinity and insoluble matter due to their lower solubility. The overall degradation of PAHs was strongly restricted by the organic composition in OPW particularly the aromatic compounds. The aromatic compounds played an important role as ultraviolet-photon absorbents and competed with the photodegradation of PAHs. Because of their abundance in OPW, these species had the most significant effect on the photocatalytic degradation of PAHs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".