Single-etch subwavelength engineered fiber-chip grating couplers for 13 µm datacom wavelength band
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report, for the first time, on the design and experimental demonstration of fiber-chip surface grating couplers based on subwavelength grating engineered nanostructure operating in the low fiber chromatic dispersion window (around 1.3 μm wavelengths), which is of great interest for short-reach data communication applications. Our coupler designs meet the minimum feature size requirements of large-volume deep-ultraviolet stepper lithography processes. The fiber-chip couplers are implemented in a standard 220-nm-thick silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform and are fabricated by using a single etch process. Several types of couplers are presented, specifically the uniform, the apodized, and the focusing designs. The measured peak coupling efficiency is -2.5 dB (56%) near the central wavelength of 1.3 μm. In addition, by utilizing the technique of the backside substrate metallization underneath the grating couplers, the coupling efficiency of up to -0.5 dB (89%) is predicted by Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) calculations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".