Visible Light‐Induced Photoeletrochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Hierarchical CuBi <sub>2</sub> O <sub>4</sub> by Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Narrow bandgap semiconductor CuBi 2 O 4 microstructures such as three dimensional hierarchical microspheres, micro‐flowers, one dimensional microrods and nanorods were fabricated through a facile hydrothermal synthesis approach by systematically changing the synthesis conditions. Their optical properties and photocatalytical performances under visible light illumination were characterized. The hierarchical micro‐flower shaped CuBi 2 O 4 sample showed a high photodecay rate of 0.114 ± 0.002 h −1 with 1 mg/ml CuBi 2 O 4 concentration for methylene blue (30 μM). Under the illumination of an AM 1.5G solar simulator, a 0.02 mA/cm 2 stable cathodic photocurrent density was observed at a low negative bias voltage (‐0.25 V vs (Ag/AgCl)). The micro‐flower shaped CuBi 2 O 4 sample also showed a high antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli , with ∼ 93 % bacteria reduction after 6 h illumination by a commercial white LED light (10 mW/cm 2 ). These results indicate that CuBi 2 O 4 can be a promising candidate for visible light driven energy conversion and antimicrobial applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".